gigaset MMDC: Early Years

Our beautiful new 222-page ebook, SAVING GIANTS: Cultivation and Conservation of Tridacnid Clams (by Gerald Heslinga, 2013) is now available for download http://store.blurb.com/ebooks/374835-... [or go to blurb.com and search for SAVING GIANTS]

Tim Rock of Guam's Pacific Daily news interviewed Gerald Heslinga at the MMDC (Micronesian Mariculture Demonstration Center) in Palau in November, 1984. Rock's interview and videography above and below the water led to the broadcast of this video on Guam television that month, and also to a feature article entitled "Giant Clams: Micronesia's Cash Crop of the Future" which appeared November 25, 1984, in Guam's Pacific Daily News.

As noted in the PDN article, by November, 1984, the MMDC had already produced over 100,000 seed clams of mean size 1 cm or larger between 1979 and 1984, mostly of T. derasa but also more than 10,000 specimens of T. gigas (illustrated in Figure 2 of Heslinga et al., 1984), and thousands of T. squamosa and Hippopus hippopus juveniles. On 5/21/85, MMDC harvested 340,200 Tridacna derasa seed of mean size 3.8 mm. By 1987 MMDC had surpassed the million mark in tridacnid clam seed production and had produced over 30 tons of cultured clam biomass on site. This figure would reach 100 tons by 1994 and does not include the substantial biomass produced on dozens of clam nurseries established locally and internationally with seedstock from MMDC during that era.

Also noteworthy is that at time this video was broadcast on Guam television in November, 1984, the MMDC staff had already conclusively closed the life cycle of Tridacna derasa by raising more than 100 specimens to full reproductive (male plus female phase) maturity at 5 years post-fertilization and by producing 2 batches of F2 T. derasa offspring totaling over 80,000 robust seed clams of 12-17 mm mean shell length. Many of the tagged, mature 5-yr-old F1 T. derasa broodstock clams are visible in this video in the MMDC ocean nursery. These F1 clams were produced from a March, 1979, peroxide-induced spawning at MMDC by Beckvar and Hamner (see Beckvar, 1981). Their growth rate, sample size and survival for the first 3 years post-fertilization was described (Figs. 8 and 9) in Heslinga et al.'s 1984 publication in Aquaculture (39: 197-215), entitled "Mass Culture of Giant Clams (f. Tridacnidae) in Palau." These same T. derasa F1 broodstock, all individually tagged and maintained in an unbroken chain of custody at MMDC by Beckvar, Heslinga, Perron, Orak, Watson, Isamu and Hanser, were kept until January 1995 (15 years) and produced numerous batches of F2 progeny. Over 10,000 mature T. derasa F1 and F2 broodstock clams were alive in the MMDC Ocean Nursery as of March, 1990, as documented (Fig. 4.1) in the PFDF Giant Clam Farming Manual published in 1990 by Heslinga, Watson and Isamu. The F2's subsequently produced many F3 progeny at age 5 years and beyond, clearly establishing a path toward domestication of tridacnid clams, as articulated in the 1987 article in BioScience (37: 332-339) by Heslinga and Fitt entitled "The Domestication of Reef-Dwelling Clams."

Tim Rock's video and the Heslinga et al. Aquaculture '84 article, along with other articles published by the MMDC staff (Heslinga and Perron) in local and regional publications between 1979 and 1984, including Hawaiian Shell News (Oct. 1979), Aquaculture Magazine (Sept.-Oct. 1982), The SPC Newsletter (Jan.- Mar. 1983), The ICLARM Newsletter (Jan. 1983) and the presentation by Heslinga at the International Symposium on Recent Innovations in Cultivation of Pacific Molluscs, held at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography (December 1-3, 1982 in La Jolla, CA; with proceedings edited by Prof. Daniel Morse of UCSB's Marine Biotechnology Center and with Drs. Bill Fitt , Roger Mann, Mia Tegner, David Leighton, Chris Langdon, Carl Berg and many other internationally respected mollusc culture experts in attendance), clearly established and documented with peer-reviewed published data, public presentations, published photographs and published video footage the progress in true mass hatchery production and ocean growout of giant clams to reproductive maturity achieved by the MMDC staff. These milestones were met well before the first local newspaper reports of Tridacna gigas seed production in Australia by Braley and Marcum (May-June, 1985), well prior to production of any Tridacna seed by the ACIAR group at James Cook University in Townsville, and years before ICLARM and its Coastal Aquaculture Centre in Honiara entered the field of giant clam mariculture production in late 1987.

For a published reference to routine production (10 batches) of F2 Tridacna derasa cohorts at MMDC between 1984 and 1988, with actual production figures, spawn dates, etc., see this reference in the South Pacific Commission (SPC) digital library:

http://www.spc.int/DigitalLibrary/Doc...

gigaset MMDC: Early Years
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