References:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1n...
In 1987 the US Navy Civic Action Team (Seabees) based in Palau assisted with the initial expansion of the MMDC Giant Clam Hatchery by building eight concrete raceway tanks on Malakal Island. This more than doubled the existing size of the facility, from 6 to 14 tanks.
Rapid further growth of the MMDC was accomplished with revenues generated from clam hatchery sales. By 1994 the MMDC had 64 large clam tanks in production, a 10-fold expansion from the outset. Also added during this growth phase were a state-of-the-art hatchery, laboratory and administration building, a 2,000-cage ocean clam nursery, a screen printing shop, a shellcraft fabrication shop and a profitable gift shop with stunning mini-reef displays built into the walls. More than 100 local and regional clam culture training courses were conducted; over 100 tons of clams were produced in the Malakal Harbor ocean nursery and yearly production of hundreds of thousands of baby clams was routinely achieved by the hatchery staff.
MMDC's work marked a turning point in the global status of the giant clam resource, which until that point was considered threatened, endangered or already locally extinct from overfishing in many Pacific island nations.
Giant clams can now be produced in abundance on farms in Palau and elsewhere, thanks largely to the pioneering mariculture efforts, research and regional outreach work of MMDC and the many giant clam hatcheries that followed in the tropical Pacific region.
Inspiration for the rapid proliferation of Pacific Island giant clam farms can accurately be traced to the visionary cooperation of the government of Palau, the MMDC staff, and the critically important assistance provided by the US Navy Seabee Civic Action Team in the summer of 1987.
Thanks to the Seabees, the US Navy, the people and government of Palau, the international agencies who assisted the project in its early stages and all others, in Palau and elsewhere, who helped with this regional success story. Thanks to those who serve America around the world and thanks especially to their families.
View the completed tanks (1987 stock footage from MMDC):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGhqBh...
Selected References:
Beckvar, N. 1981. Cultivation, spawning and growth of the giant clams Tridacna gigas, T. derasa and T. squamosa in Palau, Caroline Islands. Aquaculture 24: 21-30.
Fitt, W. K., C. R. Fisher, and R. R. Trench. 1986. Contribution of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum to the nutrition, growth and survival of larval and juvenile tridacnid clams. Aquaculture 55: 5-22.
Fitt, W. K., G. A. Heslinga, and T. C. Watson. 1992. Use of antibiotics in the mariculture of giant clams (F. Tridacnidae). Aquaculture 104: 1-10.
Fitt, W. K., G. A. Heslinga, and T. C. Watson. 1993. Utilization of dissolved inorganic nutrients in growth and mariculture of the tridacnid clam Tridacna derasa. Aquaculture 109: 27-38.
Hastie, L. C., T. C. Watson, T. Isamu and G. A. Heslinga. 1992. Effect of nutrient enrichment on Tridacna derasa seed: dissolved inorganic nitrogen increases growth rate. Aquaculture 106: 41-49.
Heslinga, G. A. 1989. Biology and culture of the giant clam. In: Manzi, J. and M. Castagna (eds.), Clam Mariculture in North America. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 461 p.
Heslinga, G. A. and W. K. Fitt. 1987. The domestication of reef-dwelling clams, BioScience 37: 332-339.
Heslinga, G. A., Perron, F. E. and Orak, O. 1984. Mass culture of giant clams (f. Tridacnidae) in Palau. Aquaculture 39: 197-215.
Heslinga, G. A., Watson, T. C. and T. Isamu. 1990. Giant Clam Farming. Pacific Fisheries Development Foundation (NMFS/NOAA). 179 p.
Maruyama, T. and G. A. Heslinga. 1997. Fecal discharge of zooxanthellae in the giant clam Tridacna derasa, with reference to their in situ growth rate. Marine Biology 127: 473-477.
Perron, F E., G. A. Heslinga and J. O. Fagolimul. 1985. The gastropod Cymatium muricinum, a predator on juvenile tridacnid clams. Aquaculture 48: 211-221.
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